A methodology for both accurate and smooth contour line generation from Light Detection 1 and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds is proposed in this paper. In order to improve the accuracy of 2 contour lines in the area of forests, constrained triangulation networks with break lines are then 3 constructed to generate contour lines. In break line extraction, a bi-threshold method for edge line 4 detec...

In this article, we give proofs on the Arnold Lagrangian intersection conjecture on the cotangent bundles, Arnold-Givental Lagrangian intersection conjecture, the Arnold fixed point conjecture.

In this paper, for the first time, the subject of change point estimation has been utilized in the stationary state of auto regressive moving average (ARMA) (1, 1). In the monitoring phase, in case the features of the question pursue a time series, i.e., ARMA(1,1), on the basis of the maximum likelihood technique, an approach will be developed for the estimation of the stationary state’s change...

when the degree of saturation at intersection approaches one, webster’s optimum cycle length equation becomes inapplicable, because the cycle length will becomes very big when the degree of saturation approaches one and will be fully unrealistic when the degree of saturation becomes greater than one. this is not a problem for hcm2000 method. but optimum cycle length calculation in this method h...