BACKGROUND To date, the literature has provided an abundance of evidence on the adverse outcomes of restraint use on patients. Reportedly, nurses are often the personnel who initiate restraint use and attribute its use to ensuring the safety of the restrained and the others. A clinical trial using staff education and administrative input as the key components of a restraint reduction program wa...

M1 muscarinic receptor has been shown to be involved in cognitive functions of the brain. Conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm involves memory for the association between environmental stimuli and the rewarding properties produced by a treatment. Using a balanced CPP design, we studied the possible involvement of M1 muscarinic receptors on the acquisition, expression and consolidation of...

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) constitute an important problem in postmarketing pharmacovigilance and in the development of new drugs. The effectiveness or toxicity of a medication could be affected by the co-administration of other drugs that share pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic pathways. For this reason, a great effort is being made to develop new methodologies to detect and assess DDIs. I...