Manifold learning is a dimension reduction method for extracting nonlinear structures of high-dimensional data. Many methods have been introduced for this purpose. Most of these methods usually extract a global manifold for data. However, in many real-world problems, there is not only one global manifold, but also additional information about the objects is shared by a large number of manifolds...

For each created object, including city -especially those which are attributed by Islamic properties- there are a number of characteristics to be considered, some major features which differentiate the Islamic city from the rest are as follows: Pattern, basics, pillars, attributes and principles. Every phenomenon in the world-specially man made ones- is created based on a pattern. For a city...

abstract the present study was conducted to examine the effect of proficiency on students interaction while carrying out the grammar-based task(s) in collaboration. in particular, the study examines whether the level of proficiency affects the learners’ focus of attention to grammatical and lexical features. the study takes a further step and examines whether there is any difference in the use...

Hardness of a mineral is one of its important physical properties and several methods have been presented for its determination. Mohs hardness determination is the most versatile method by which the mineral hardness is determined somewhat qualitatively with respect to another mineral and has no unit. In this paper, because of the need to measure the mineral hardness more accurately and give a m...

in this study reference as one of the five cohesive devices in the achievement of textuality in english and persian narrative/descripitive written texts is focused on and analysed . to do so , the theoretical framework elaborated by halliday and hasan (1976) and its version adapted by the writer to match the sub-types of reference in farsi are applied to the analysis of reference in english and...

the primary goal of the current project was to examine the effect of three different treatments, namely, models with explicit instruction, models with implicit instruction, and models alone on differences between the three groups of subjects in the use of the elements of argument structures in terms of toulmins (2003) model (i.e., claim, data, counterargument claim, counterargument data, rebutt...