background: adopting information technology (it) systems in an organization is a decision which faces several challenges. this study has been conducted with the aim of analyzing barriers and challenges in application of ict in medical science universities in general and the ilam medical science university in particular. methods: the studied population was the employees of ilam university of med...

High-quality, cost-effective pediatric clinical trials require a robust research and regulatory infrastructure and a properly trained workforce.

We analyze public investment in social infrastructure using a two-period model in which a government must intermediate all infrastructure investment. Voters choose a government from two alternative types, high quality and low quality. A high quality government obtains higher returns on infrastructure but also demands a bigger consumption payoff for intermediating investment, implying higher tax...

introduction: medical tourism as one of the dimensions of tourism is helping in sustainable development and dynamics of the economy. considering the low cost and high income of the industry and its role on strengthening country health structures, many developing countries focused their attention on the industrial sector and planning for it. the purpose of this research was to investigate effect...

 To use services transparently in a distributed environment, the Utility Grids develop a cyber-infrastructure. The parameters of the Quality of Service such as the allocation-cost and makespan have to be dealt with in order to schedule workflow application tasks in the Utility Grids. Optimization of both target parameters above is a challenge in a distributed environment and may conflict one an...