Objectives. The aim of this study was to validate the breastfeeding experience scale (BES) in a sample of Iranian mothers. Methods. After translation and back translation of the BES, an expert panel evaluated the items by assessing the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). 347 of mothers visiting health centers completed the Farsi version of the BES in the first month p...

Objective The current study is aimed at investigating the association between stressful life events and psychological problems in a large sample of Iranian adults. Method In a cross-sectional large-scale community-based study, 4763 Iranian adults, living in Isfahan, Iran, were investigated. Grouped outcomes latent factor regression on latent predictors was used for modeling the association of...

STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. PURPOSE To translate and validate the Iranian version of the Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale (CNFDS). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Instruments measuring patient-reported outcomes should satisfy certain psychometric properties. METHODS Ninety-three cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy were entered into the study and completed the CNFDS pre and postop...

BACKGROUND The somatosensory amplification scale (SSAS) is a 10-item self-report instrument designed to assess a tendency to experience normal somatic and visceral sensations as intense, noxious, and disturbing. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the reliability and validity of the SSAS, developed by Barsky et al. (1988), in the Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was...

although economists and entrepreneurs had been aware of the impact of economies of scale on average cost, no comprehensive theory was introduced until 1950s. economies of scale is used by economist as a practical measure for evaluating the extent of competition (monopoly) in real markets. there are two primary aims of this paper: 1) to introduce theoretical aspects of economies of scale, 2) to ...

INTRODUCTION Despite the importance of perceived barriers against self-care in diabetic patients, the role of this factor is rarely addressed in the improvement of self-care behaviors of Iranian patients. The lack of appropriate instruments that fit demographic properties of Iranian society is one reason. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the scale of perceived barriers to self-...

  Background: Participation is mostly cultural and familial based, and there is not any assessment scales for evaluating kids’ participation in Iranian context, therefore the purpose of this study was developing children’s participation assessment scale for Iranian children.   Methods: Development of this scale occurred in two phases; phase I: planning: following r...

Objective: Divorce is one of the social problems and underlying factors of many psychological problems, thereby demanding necessary research to prevent its occurrence. This study aimed to construct and validate Emotional Divorce Scale in Iranian couples.  Methods: This was a cross-sectional research. A total number of 400 married individuals living in east part of Tehran City, Iran between May...

In recent years, due to the fact that non-renewable energies come to an end, renewable energy is expected to provide a significant part of the future needs of Iran. Among these energies, solar energy is a suitable option for a wide range of the country, due to availability, proper radiation intensity, and high sunshine times during the year (about 300 sunny days per year). The purpose of this p...