The role of the magnocellular reticular formation (MGRF) of the brainstem on learning and memory was examined in memory-deficient mice with spontaneous spongy degeneration in the brainstem (senescence-accelerated mouse, SAMP8) and control mice (accelerated-senescence resistant mouse, SAMR 1). SAMP8 showed spontaneous age-related impairment of learning and memory, as determined by passive and ac...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of differences in structural and mechanical tendon properties on functionality of the passive stay apparatus in horses. SAMPLE 5 forelimbs each from nondwarf Friesians, dwarf Friesians, and ponies. PROCEDURES Harvested forelimbs were loaded to test the passive stay apparatus. Tendons that stabilize the distal portion of the limb (superficial digital flexor ...

Green tea polyphenols have demonstrated significant antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-mutagenic and antidiabetic in numerous human, animal and in vitro studies. Hence present study was design to evaluate the influence of green tea in streptozotocin induced oxidative stress in mice. Morris water maze, Elevated plus maze and passive avoidance apparatus was used for the evaluation of learning an...

Introduction: The role of serotonergic fibers in avoidance learning is controversial. Involvement of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), the main source of hippocampal projecting serotonergic fibers in acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of passive avoidance (PA) learning, was investigated by functional suppression of this area. Materials and Methods: DRN functional inactivation was done by li...

Objective(s)Previous studies have shown that vitamin B as well as folate supplementation has been implicated in cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson's diseases. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of folic acid on passive avoidance task and motor coordination in healthy adult male rats.Materials and MethodsAnimals were randomly divided i...

  Objective(s): Cerebral hypoperfusion/ischemia (CHI) is a neurological disease where impaired hippocampus electrical activity and cognition caused by a serial pathophysiological events. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic oral administration of grape seed extract (GSE) on passive avoidance memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) after permanent bilateral common carotid arteries...

Background and Objective: Based on the effect of chronic metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus on the learning and memory, this study was designed to assess the usefulness of administration of salvialonic acid B on lessening of learning and memory deficits in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were allocated into control, salvialonic acid B-trea...

Passive and proactive coping styles are associated with marked differences in behavioral and neuroendocrine responses. Previous studies revealed that the passive individuals are more prone to hyperinsulinemia. Likewise, we hypothesize that different coping styles may require different drugs to treat this. We tested this by treating passive and proactive rats (Roman Low Avoidance and Roman High ...