This paper introduces a novel approach for modeling set of directed, binary networks in the context cognitive social structures (CSSs) data. We adopt relativist which no assumption is made about existence an underlying true network. More specifically, we rely on generalized linear model that incorporates bilinear structure to transitivity effects within networks, and hierarchical specification ...

Abstract The conflict in Ukraine indicates some of the features a potential post-liberal order and raises several ethical issues that may arise for international interventions as world changes. What types interventions, if any, are justifiable response to situations such one Ukraine? Can be permissible given undermining universalist claims often used support them? How should states prioritize b...

One of the modern paradigms to develop an application is object oriented analysis and design. In this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles in applications. In an application, we must distinguish between procedural semantics and declarative semantics for their implementation in a specific programming language. For the procedural semantics, we can write a ...

There are five basic ways to resolve disagreements: keep arguing until capitulation, compromise, locate an ambiguity or contextual factors, accept Pyrrhonian skepticism, and adopt relativism. Relativism is perhaps the most radical and least popular solution to a disagreement, and its defenders generally think the best motivator for relativism is to be found in disputes over predicates of person...

In this paper I try to shed some light on how one discerns a physical effect or phenomenon from experimental background ‘noise’. To this end I revisit the discovery of Weak Neutral Currents (WNC), which has been right at the centre of discussion of some of the most influential available literature on this issue. Bogen and Woodward (1988) have claimed that the phenomenon of WNC was inferred from...

Anyone who has taught an introductory ethics course or a professional ethics class has likely heard students writing off ethics and ethics instruction as unimportant, offering as evidence some type of moral relativism. Even if the instructor is sympathetic towards a particular version of moral relativism, students’ relativist claims can be disconcerting and can seriously detract from their will...

in a recent editorial in this journal pierre-gerlier forest foretells a coming revolution in health policy based on the synthesis of four conceptual innovations and one technological breakthrough. as much as i agree with the intellectual story told in this editorial i present a more skeptical view of the effect of paradigm shifts on healthcare systems on the ground. i argue that ideas triumph w...