OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of systematic desensitization (behavioral therapy and cognitive restructuring (cognitive therapy) in reducing high-stakes test anxiety. We hypothesized that cognitive restructuring would be superior to systematic desensitization in reducing the severity of the cognitive symptoms of anxiety, whereas systematic desensitization would be super...

High stakes tests are defined as those tests that “carry serious consequences for students or educators.” The consequences from standardized achievement tests range from grade retention for school children to rewards or punitive measures for schools and school districts. The nature of standardized achievement tests used in these situations poses validity problems for the decisions. Numerous uni...

The “Todai Robot Project (Can a robot get into The University of Tokyo?)” was initiated by the National Institute of Informatics in 2011 as an AI grand challenge. The goal of the project was to create an AI system that answered real questions on university entrance examinations consisting of two parts, i.e., multiple-choice style national standardized tests and a written test that included shor...

In this abstract we present a new exam timetabling algorithm together with a set of results on the university exam timetabling problems from the University of Toronto collection, available at ftp://ftp.mie.utoronto.ca/pub/carter/testprob/. A number of recent papers have studied these problems e.g. Carter et al. [7], Caramia et al. [6], Casey & Thompson [8], Abdullah et al. [1], Burke et al. [2]...

this study aims at discovering whether university entrance exam (uee), a high-stake selection test in iran, influences the high school and pre-university efl teachers` methodology and test development. the participants of this study included thirty high school and pre-university efl teachers who were randomly selected from ten different schools. to answer the research questions, five types of m...

Monthly government transfer programs create cycles of consumption that track the timing benefit receipt. In this paper, we exploit state-level variation in staggered nutritional assistance issuance across households to analyze how monthly cyclicality food availability affects academic achievement. Using individual-level score data from a large national college admissions exam United States link...