Massive actuator arrays found their applications in robotics, pharmaceutics, aerospace, etc. Compared with electrically and/or pneumatically powered actuator array, hydraulic actuator has the comprehensive advantages of higher force density (i.e. force / actuation area), better controllability, and simpler remote control accessibility. This paper presents approaches to construct and control a m...

Theistic and atheistic beliefs respectively play a fundamental role in the definition of man's free will and moral responsibility, so far as they can determine the nature, quality, and quantity of human's freedom. After believing in God, the belief in a revealed or a non-revealed religion and the manner in which God’s attributes are interpreted play an essential role in the definition of free w...

It is often argued that both Luke and Paul regard the presence of the Spirit as essentially the same as the presence of the kingdom of God. This is true for Paul, who understands the Spirit as the means by which all may participate in the blessings of the kingdom (that is, the Spirit is the totality of the blessings of the kingdom). However, does such an assessment accurately reflect the Lukan ...

Prisoners are confined in the name of state as holder monopoly coercion and violence. To delegitimize religion a political factor, modern European has often been upgraded to divine authority, endowed with sovereign, that is: unlimited power. For Hobbes, this was an answer “state nature”, permanent threatening violence, where everyone “right everything”. His sovereign even right punish kill inno...

This article examines the teachings of several Christian and Sufi mystics on the position of reason in the spiritual life, from Al-Hallaj (d. 922) to David R. Hawkins (b. 1927). In the plethora of “maps,” “stages,” and “ladders” discussed by mystics, the level of reason is highly regarded as a “rung” of spiritual attainment. However, reason alone is not enough to transport the soul to the most ...