Charge independence and charge symmetry are approximate symmetries of nature, violated by the perturbing effects of the mass difference between up and down quarks and by electromagnetic interactions. The observations of the symmetry breaking effects in nuclear and particle physics and the implications of those effects are reviewed.

In this research work at The first compounds [C60- 2-(naftalin-1-ilmetil)-4,5-dihidro-1H-imidazol-C65-2X]+ (X=F,Cl,Br) were optimized. Then the calculation of natural bond orbitals was performed with the NBO technique. All calculations using Hartree- fock  the 6-31G * basis set using Gaussian 98 software and in gas phase has been done. The results showed that the energy levels of mol...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The significance of road mobility in any nation cannot be far-fetched or beyond economic purpose, spatial interaction and social integration. It contributes enormously to the livelihood of human existence most especially by facilitating regional complementarity of trade, intervening opportunities, and spatial transferability. The objective of this stu...

In the present work, the structural and electronic properties, and conductivity of (5,5) and (6,6) Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the ground state have done by using the Hartree-Fock and density functional theory DFT-B3LYP/6-31G* level. Delocalization of charge density between the bonding or lone pair and antibonding orbitals calculated by NBO (natural bond orbital) analysis. These methods a...

Potassium Alanate is one of the goal candidates for hydrogen storage during past decades. In this report, initially the Density Functional Theory was applied to simulate the electronic and structural characteristic of the experimentally known KAlH4 complex hydride. The relaxation of unit cell parameters and atomic positions was performed until the total residual force reduced less than 0.001ev ...

In the current study, pure TiO2 and Cr-doped TiO2 (Cr@TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized via sol-gel method and the resulting materials were applied to prepare the porous TiO2 electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). It is hypothesized that the advantages of the doping of the metal ions into TiO2 lattice are the temporary rapping of the photogenerated electron-hole (charge carriers)...

Density functional theory calculations were carried out to investigate the structural and electronicproperties of the adsorption of O3 molecules on AlP-codoped monolayers to fully exploit the gas sensingcapability of these two-dimensional materials. Various adsorption sites of O3 molecule on the considerednanosheets were examined in detail. The side oxygen atoms of the O3 mole...