the regional studies discipline (which considers regions as connecting links between nation-states to the grand level of the international system) studies conflict, war, crisis, cooperation and integration among the countries located in a region. to study the characteristics of the countries found in a region needs a model. the author suggests a pre-model for comparative study of regional const...

Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug with crucial impacts on individuals on various levels. Exposure to methamphetamine-associated cues in laboratory can elicit measureable craving and autonomic reactivity in most individuals with methamphetamine dependence and the cue reactivity can model how craving would result in continued drug seeking behaviors and relapse in rea...

Over the last 15 years, clinical supervision has become one of several supervision models that are an integral part of the training and practice of administrators and other educational leaders.' The clinical supervision model, however, must be contrasted with the clinical supervision process that often is used procedurally within the model. In its most simplistic form, the clinical supervision ...

Research on assessing craving in laboratory settings often involves inducing and then measuring craving in subjects. Cue-induced craving is studied in laboratory settings using the cue reactivity paradigm, in which drug-related photos, videos, evocative scripts, olfactory cues, and paraphernalia may induce craving. Cue-induced craving evoked by drug-related stimuli could be associated with rela...

At several school buildings in New York City, initial efforts to replace the tile wearing surfaces on clay tile arch floor systems were fraught with difficulties. Many of the replacement floors began to crack and heave within a few months after installation. The authors conducted in-situ and laboratory studies of the flooring systems, and identified numerous causes that contributed to the failu...

in recent decades, persian language dialects are also changing along with the language itself. so, recording the social characteristics of these dialects is of great importance. the results of these studies can be used in social and educational policies, language planning and comparative studies of dialectology. the writers of this article study the social characteristics of family and gender e...