Some of the parameters used to analyze the efficiency of an embedding are dilation, expansion, edge congestion and wirelength. If e = (u, v) ∈E (G), then the length of Pf (e) in H is called the dilation of the edge e. The maximal dilation over all edges of G is called the dilation of the embedding f. The dilation of embedding G into H is the minimum dilation taken over all embeddings f of G int...

Endothelial dysfunction is believed to play a critical role in preeclampsia; however, it is unclear whether this dysfunction precedes the pregnancy or is caused by pathophysiological events in early pregnancy. It is also unclear for how long vascular dysfunction may persist postpartum and whether it represents a mechanism linking preeclampsia with future cardiovascular disease. Our objective wa...

OBJECTIVE To identify the left inferior pulmonary vein as an indirect marker of increased pulmonary flow in congenital heart diseases. METHODS We carried out a prospective consecutive study on 40 patients divided into 2 groups as follows: G1--20 patients diagnosed with congenital heart disease and increased pulmonary flow; G2 (control group)--20 patients who were either healthy or had congeni...

A bilingual upbringing has been shown to enhance executive control, but the neural mechanisms underpinning such effect are essentially unknown. Here, we investigated whether monolingual and bilingual toddlers differ in semantic processing efficiency and their allocation of attention to expected and unexpected visual stimuli. We simultaneously recorded event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and p...

BACKGROUND Congenital aortic valve fusion is associated with aortic dilation, aneurysm, and rupture in girls and women with Turner syndrome. Our objective was to characterize aortic valve structure in subjects with Turner syndrome and to determine the prevalence of aortic dilation and valve dysfunction associated with different types of aortic valves. METHODS AND RESULTS The aortic valve and ...

HYPOTHESIS Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is a high-risk factor for biliary tract carcinogenesis because of a continuous reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract. It remains to be disclosed whether we should perform prophylactic excision of gallbladders and bile ducts. DESIGN A person-year method. SETTING A university hospital. PATIENTS We studied 68 patients with PBM treat...