abstract previous studies on willingness to communicate (wtc) have shown the influence of many individual or situational factors on students’ tendency to engage in classroom communication, in which wtc has been viewed either at the trait-level or situational level. however, due to the complexity of the notion of willingness to communicate, the present study suggests that these two strands are ...

cultural iran is a scope that is more extended than the political territories of iran as a political unit. this concept means that cultural geography(mehdi moghanlo-1383-1) of iran is greater than its political geography which, according to history, has a long history extending west-east from kandahar to the euphrates and north-south from the persian gulf to the caucasus including transoxiana a...

Nowadays it is common to destroy some existing buildings in order to execute an urban project. It is mostly said that it is inevitable to demolish parts of urban context to provide more comfortable conditions for citizens. But what is destroyed belongs also to some citizen for whom this means that there would be no home tomorrow. While it is stated that such a matter is a kind of superiority of...

  Mohammed Abed al-jabri has advanced tow main projects in his intelectual endeavours: first, an anattempt to study and reveal, as he say, Arab-islamic reason, second to propuse ideas to  restrucutring it with an aim for political changes in The line of democratic order. In this propuse, he confronts, both directly and idirectly, with a theory of state. This research deals with consisteney of...

there is less published research about how teachers in efl contexts respond to students who are relatively less mature and less competent l2 writers. while writing researchers have examined various issues concerning peer and teacher response in writing-oriented classes, little research has centered on the effect of collaborative tasks particularly dictogloss on writing skills. output collaborat...

Abstract Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world that this pollution has physical and psychological harmful consequences. This study an applied analytical methods based on library studies and documents for the purpose of utilizing the principles of environmental psychology and behavior analysis of citizens' attitudes in four categories; Due to importance of addressing the caus...

abstract the present research is prepared to study the culture of tea consuming among iranian. the case group which was statistically used for this study was people of lahijan , about four hundred wich were chosen according to their age , gender , education and occupation , randomly selected to fill the questionnaire . then the data collected through the questionnaire was analyzed according ...

this thesis examines the significances and implications of inflicted physical pain in waiting for the barbarians (1980) by john maxwell coetzee (1940 - ). the researcher tries to show how body becomes a site for exercising violence. in this way, the government’s representatives turn bodies of the barbarians into blank pages through torturing in order to create the truth of the empire. in this p...