background: major histocompatibility complex (mhc) plays a central role in regulation and control of the immune responses to infectious diseases. due to its polymorphism, individual differences in response to vaccines have been observed in different chicken populations. studying the association of chicken mhc with immune response to vaccines will help the control of infectious disease and vacci...

M ALARIA IS ONE of the major parasitic diseases affecting humans today, contributing greatly to the high mortality rates in the developing world. The original epidemiologic concept of “malaria eradication” for large endemic areas, introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 1960s, has now been replaced by the concept of “control,” given the increase in the morbidity and mortality r...

conclusions in conclusion, pegfp-kmp-gp96 (fusion) induced th1 platform immune response against leishmania major (mrho/ir/75/er) infection. results according to the results, the level of cytokines interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) and interleukin (il)-4, and ratio of ifn-γ /il4 was changed among different groups of mice before and seven weeks after immunization. the cytokines were increased significantl...

despite recent advances in burn wound management, sepsis remains the main cause of death in patients resuscitated after major thermal injury. increased susceptibility to infections has been related to severe suppression of the immune system. the aim of this study was to induce immune suppression with blister fluid injection, and to modulate immune response by use of cimetidine and pyrimethamine...

In a diet, probiotics and prebiotics play an important role in regulating the immune response function through the intestinal microbiota, which in turn affects the immune system. While probiotics have been shown to reduce diseases, such as the flu, which is a respiratory infection. The National Health Commission of China and the National Bureau of Traditional Medicine of China recommend that pr...

Memory formation is the most important aspect of a vaccine which can guarantee long-lasting immunity and protection. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the memory immune responses after immunization with a mini vaccine. Mice were immunized with human immunodeficiency virus-1 P24-Nef fusion peptide and then cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated. In order to determin...