Italy has experienced recurrent incursions of H5N2 avian influenza (AI) viruses in different geographical areas and varying sectors of the domestic poultry industry. Considering outbreak heterogeneity rather than treating all outbreaks of low pathogenicity AI (LPAI) viruses equally is important given their interactions with the environment and potential to spread, evolve and increase pathogenic...

The paper aims to examine the population ageing as a new phenomenon effecting rural areas in Iran. Population ageing is going up throughout the country especially in the rural areas by 6.8 percent. fertility decline, increase in the youth migration to cities, and coming back to rural areas after retiring are the major factors which involve in rural ageing. This may jeopardize the communities. f...

the rapid and uncontrolled growth of tourism, that has influenced the economic foundations of rural economy, has caused different economic impacts and consequences in the rural areas of the central district of the city of nowshahr. the purpose of this study is to recognize and analyze the impacts of tourism in this area based on the principles of sustainable tourism and relevant theoretical bas...

Maldistribution of health professionals between urban and rural areas has been a serious problem in China. Urban hospitals attract most of the health professionals with serious shortages in rural areas. To address this issue, a number of policies have been implemented by the government, such as free medical education in exchange for obligatory rural service.

this study determined the situation of rural tourism and agro-tourism in tehran province as well as the expected economic impacts of agro-tourism development on it. in this research, we used documental research method and field research based on questionnaires and face-to-face interview. it was found out that despite different tourist attractions in rural areas of tehran province, tourist arriv...

the natural result of the application of modernization approach in developing countries is the formation and development of large-scale migration from rural to urban areas. this has changed the sex structure of population in a number of rural settlements in the country. as the current situation maintains, it is clear that women will be the main beneficiaries of the development plans in rural ar...

Despite increasingly strict control of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) releases in France since the mid-1970s, PCB contamination of fish recently has emerged as a major concern in the lower Rhône River basin. We measured PCB concentrations in Rhône sediment to evaluate the effects of PCB releases from major urban and industrial areas, sediment redistribution by large floods, and regulatory contr...

tthe study area included parts of the villages in behabad, of bafq county, yazd province, and pool research was conducted in 2008 and 2009. research findings show that rural workers and islamic councils have relatively been successful in development of rural entrepreneurship, and local people believe that entrepreneurs, officials, experts and local commentators, islamic council and rural worker...