چکیده استفاده از داروهایی با توان القای تولید هموگلوبین جنینی به عنوان راه کار درمانی نوین در درمان ? – هموگلوبینوپاتی ها بویژه ? – تالاسمی و بیماری داسی شکل (scd) مورد توجه قرار می گیرد. داروهای القا کننده بیان ژن ? گلوبین شامل هیدروکسی اوره، داروهای مهارکننده آنزیم هیستون داستیلاز (hdac inhibitors) مانند سدیم بوتیرات و آزاسیتیدین و دسی تابین، و همینطور داروهای تعدیل کننده سیستم ایمنی مانند پ...

from its emergence till present time marxist principles has undergone great changes since their promulgation by marx. many theorists and thinkers set at rectifying marxist tenets and introducing those of their own while others advocated its main concepts and attempted at improving them. among marxist philosophers who had an intensive study of marxs ideology, is louis althusser whose reflections...

from 1950s onward, new theories and critical approaches burgeoned across humanities. these theories were context-oriented; as a result, the analysis of discursive practices gained significance. thus, social, political, historical and cultural discourses that have been hitherto marginalized and considered inferior to literary texts, were introduced as important texts to be analyzed by critics. o...

1.1 introduction “i see translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not seem to be translated. a good translation is like a pane of glass. you only notice that it’s there when there are little imperfections- scratches, bubbles. ideally, there shouldn’t be any. it should never call attention to itself.” “norman shapiro” (venuti, 1995:1) edward fitzgerald is the br...