نتایج جستجو برای: programme budgeting and marginal analysis pbma
تعداد نتایج: 17285757 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
It is essential to create the context for the strategic change in the organization. One of the necessity of reforming the municipal economic structure, modifying the method of budgeting and distributing resources, from traditional budgeting to an advanced budgeting system. Performance-based budgeting (PBB) by assigning targeted credit to activities can provide operational monitoring and facilit...
This paper complements the ongoing empirical discussion surrounding participative budgeting by comparing its economic merits relative to a top-down budgeting alternative. We analyze a screening model of participative budgeting where the subordinate uses the budgeting mechanism to relay private information to his superior, in addition to a signaling model of top-down budgeting where the superior...
هدف این مقاله ارزیابی و رتبه بندی ابعادسه گانه توانایی،اختیار، پذیرش ومولفههای نه گانه تاثیرگذاربر اجرای بودجه‌بندی عملیاتی درشرکت‌های آب و فاضلاب ایران است. روش پژوهش میدانی بوده و از پرسشنامه برای جمع آوری دادهها استفاده شده است. جامعه آماریکلیه کارکنان مالی شرکت آب و فاضلاب کشوردر سال 1394 بوده‌اند.برای تجزیه وتحلیل داده هاازفن تحلیل عاملی استفاده شدهاست. نتایج حاکی از آن است که همه ابعا...
this study gives a rough notional method to find their textual placing and valuating in the text, narrows the board of vision to mystic items and finally lists the strategies used by the translators of mathnawi to present solutions for preserving the additional values. at last, as the sum-up, strategies in comparison would be presented. it should be noted that by extending the translations from...
in this thesis, a new optically active poly(amide-imide) (pai) was synthesized by the indirect polycondensation reaction of the l-phenylalanine based diacid chloride and 4,4?-diaminodiphenylether in the presence of triethylamine in n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. the formation of pai was confirmed by ftir, 1h nmr and elemental analysis. in next step, the surface of titanium dioxide (tio2) nanoparticles...
Economic value added, which is the currently popular term for the traditional accounting concept of residual income (RI), subtracts from operating income an interest charge for invested capital. This paper provides an activity-based cost system that supports RI maximization. We construct a model of participative budgeting for a multiactivity firm in which the cost system allocates plant and equ...
The transition to democracy and a free market economy in Hungary and other Central European nations has provided a unique opportunity to study rapid change in budget systems, institutions, and policies. This article examines budgeting in Hungary since 1989, beginning with an analysis of the comparative budgeting literature in an attempt to identify an appropriate theoretical framework for the s...
determination of uranium in natural water and complex solutions using ion exchange chromatography: a combined procedure using ion exchange chromatography and uv-vis spectrophotometry techniques has been developed to measure uranum in natural water and complex solutions. after conditicing , one hundred milli liters of sample solutions have been passed through an ion exchange column,pachked with ...
even though, to date, a lot of studies have been conducted on the subject of politeness theory, there are very few studies regarding the applicability of this theory to translation between english and persian which shows the reason behind conducting the present study. this study was carried out with the aim of highlighting whether there is any difference between english and persian methods of u...
This article addresses a number of key problems commonly confronted in the literature on international demand analysis. These include data issues and requirements, multistage budgeting, outliers, group heteroskedasticity, and model selection. A two-stage demand system is fit to International Comparison Programme data for 114 countries for nine aggregate categories and eight food sub-categories ...
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