when in doubt over duty and the absence of reason, it is the time for adhering to practical principle; but, there is disagreement among principalists as to what is the rimary rule in times of doubt. some scholars including nāīnī have accepted intellectual innocence as a primary rule, whereas others - especially shahīd sadr -believe in intellectual precaution. nāīnī refers to the rule ‘the indec...

the ideal theory is plato’s most important philosophical view involving his allegory of the cave. he tried much to explain this theory and present arguments in order to prove it. however, his views on the proof arguments and the concrete materials with ideals suffer from shortcomings. the present paper argues that the critiques of aristotle, avicenna, and allamah tabatabaee against this theory ...

allamah tabatabaei classifies the sciences based on his theory, “idrakat i’tibari” (conventional perceptions). according to this theory, the nature of the two perceptions, actual and conventional, are completely different. based on this theory, ethics is a conventional science; so, ethical propositions are described by the characteristics of conventional perception. in this essay, we have shown...

theory is a base for all scientific disciplines. theorizing is an important branch in architecture too. there are a little reference that tries to define theory and show the differences between theory in architecture and theory in other disciplines. this article aimed to show the characteristics of architectural theory. at first we try to review different books and articles which are written on...

background: the iranian healthcare system is primarily an insurance based system. this structure has an important influence on the efficiency and equity of the provision of healthcare in iran. this paper reviews the history of the iranian healthcare system and the impact of the iranian health insurance system on healthcare performance based on the results of interviews with key opinion leaders ...

This study has reviewed the lived experience of social and cultural active Kurdish women using qualitative methods and the Grounded Theory. The purpose of this study is identifying their attitude and practical responses to "gender inequality". Due to comparing two different aspects of these women's lived experience, at the end of the study, two paradigmatic models are obtained. The analysis of ...

This research study advances the body of knowledge of leadership studies by examining the impact of prayer on the relationship between supervisory support and employee perception of organizational equity. Studies have shown a positive correlation between prayer and motivation. Equity theory is an organizational development theory which focuses on the employee perception of workplace fairness an...

This research uses the theory of flow to examine the effect of 2D versus 3D virtual world environments on brand equity and use intention. The results suggest that a 3D virtual world environment has both positive (indirect) and negative (direct) effects on brand equity. The positive, indirect effect of the 3D virtual world environment occurs through feelings of telepresence and enjoyment, both o...