Though critics of traditional epistemology agree that we need to account for the role that social factors play in inquiry, developing a viable social epistemology has proved to be difficult. According to Helen Longino, it is the processes that make inquiry possible that are social, for they require a number of people to sustain them. These processes facilitate inquiry, and ensure that the resul...

Results We studied 30 normal and 8 EA fetuses at 36 weeks gestation. There were 2 deaths in the 4 patients that underwent surgery (all Starnes procedures). We found reduced flows in all measured vessels except ascending aorta (Table 1). There were also significant reduced T2s in ascending aorta and superior vena cava, but no difference in umbilical vein (UV) and descending aorta (Table 1). DO2 ...

INTRODUCTION Clinical effects of furosemide (F) and ethacrynic acid (EA) continuous infusion on urine output (UO), fluid balance, and renal, cardiac, respiratory, and metabolic function were compared in infants undergoing surgery for congenital heart diseases. METHODS A prospective randomized double-blinded study was conducted. Patients received 0.2 mg/kg/h (up to 0.8 mg/kg/h) of either F or ...

Acupuncture and electroacupuncture (EA) are widely used to treat a variety of diseases including pain. In preclinical research, EA is usually applied by inserting acupuncture needles into the hindlimbs of rats restrained in small tubes or bags. This restrained model of EA not only causes stress-like behaviors but also is limited in stimulating locations and intensities. In 2004, a novel, unrest...

Here, we characterise new strains of normal and dystrophic (mdx) mice that overexpress Class 2 IGF-1 Ea in skeletal myofibres. We show that transgenic mice have increased muscle levels of IGF-1 (approximately 13-26 fold) and show striking muscle hypertrophy (approximately 24-56% increase in mass). Adult normal muscles were resistant to elevated IGF-1; they reached adult steady state and maintai...

abstract   background: nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is a nonlymphomatous squamous cell carcinoma (scc) that occurs in the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx. viral, geographic, and ethnic factors are responsible for its multifactorial futures. previous studies have showed the role of epstein-barr virus (ebv) in the pathogenesis of npc but no study has been conducted on the iranian populatio...