In this research, we attempt to investigate the effect of economic boom and recession on environmental pollution in Iran through an asymmetric approach. To this end, an autoregressive approach with nonlinear distributive pause was used with the data for the period (1971-2017) to explain and describe the asymmetry; Accordingly, a basic model (for the entire economy) and three partial patterns (f...

Necessity and importance of energy in state economic, social, and political structure and stability of and terminable fossil resources have been centerpiece of attention to energy issue in last few years. Urban railway, as one of the main pillars of urban economy, has increased the importance of this sector based on mass transit with advantages such as economic savings in fuel consumption, prev...

The service sector is one of the most important sectors of the economy, accounting for a high percentage of GDP. Two-thirds of economic activity is devoted to services. The growing growth in the service sector is faster than that of the commodity trade, and in addition, the largest workforce is employed in the sector, accounting for 48 percent of Iranchr('39')s total employment. Services consti...

abstract the variables affecting the nature of reading comprehension can be classified into two general categories: reader’s variables, and text variables (alderson, 2000). despite the wave of research on vocabulary knowledge as reader’s variable, the role of this knowledge in c-test as a text-dependent test and its interaction with lexical cohesion of the test as a text feature has remained a...

With respect to targeting high economic growth rate and lack of financial resources, identifying key sectors and measuring inter-sectoral interactions in in the economy is becoming increasingly important. There is no doubt that the electricity sector in the economy plays a vital role in the development of other sub-sectors and it is expected that there will be a positive relationship between th...