Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plants, as a cofactor in multi-heme cytochromes and within iron-sulfur clusters. However, Fe can be toxic at high concentrations. Free cells disrupt the cell redox balance toward pro-oxidant state, generating oxidative stress. The focuses of this review were to elucidate detoxification strategies used by well describe excess effects on plant body its ...

The function of water for plants is crucial, including playing the roles in metabolic reactions. aims this article are to give information on effects drought stress plant morphology, physiology, and biochemistry, as well mitigation methods management production. Plants manage using a mechanism, namely escape, avoidance tolerance. Drought escape ability accelerate flowering or life cycle, reduce...

During the last few years considerable attention has been focused upon the use of the organic phosphorus compounds hexaethyl tetraphosphate and tetraethyl pyrophosphate as the active components of certain commercial insecticides. These substances are known to be toxic not only to insects but to other organisms in general as well. As the names of hexaethyl tetraphosphate and tetraethyl pyrophosp...

Detection of morphological stress symptoms through 3D examination plants might be a cost-efficient way to avoid yield losses and ensure product quality in agricultural horticultural production. Although the reconstruction was intensively performed, relationships between physiological plant responses salinity need established. Therefore, cucumber were grown greenhouse nutrient solutions under th...

Most plants demonstrate wide interactive and complex adaptive morphological, biochemical, physiological responses when subjected to salinity stress. Salt stress negatively impacts agricultural yields more especially cultivated crops throughout the world. Of interest this study is maize a salt- sensitive crop that widely grown worldwide, receiving most attention due its significant attributes ab...

In order to study on different methods of application of polyamines (putrescine, spermine, spermidine) on some morphological, physiological, enzymatic and vase life of Rosa hybrida cv. ‘Dolce Vita’, experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 32 treatments, 3 replicates and each replication containing 5 vases, a total of 480 vases were executed. Fir...

The experiment was conducted in factorial test based on a completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse of Isfahan University of Technology of Iran. Lettuce seedlings were exposed separately to the exhaust emissions in three different exposure times (10, 20 and 30 days) and after the exposure time, their morphological, physiological and anatomical traits were measured and c...