It is commonly believed that a fiscal expansion raises interest rates. However, these crowding out effects of deficits have been found to be small or non-existent. One explanation is that financial integration offsets interest rate differentials on globalised bond markets. This paper measures the degree of integration of government bond markets, using spatial modelling techniques to take this s...

We aim to explore the impact of economic agglomeration on development green total-factor productivity (GTFP) from both theoretical and empirical levels. use non-radial directional distance function method formulate GTFP index further empirically study GTFP. The results indicate that: 1) there is a “U-shaped” curve relationship between GTFP, formation mechanism that has threshold effect external...

Using the financial market data of 35 countries along Belt and Road (B&R), this paper constructs an imported risk network based on conditional expected shortfall (CoES) to measure systemic B&R. Furthermore, complex theory is combined with spatial econometrics construct a spatial, panel model spillover effects risks further explore macroeconomic influences risks. The results show that am...

the price volatility spillover effect indicates that price volatility in different markets can be mutually affected. the objective of the study is to analyze volatility price spillover effects on the vertical levels including input, wholesale and retail sale levels in the tehran beef supply chain. the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (mvgarch) model was used b...

environmental kuznets curve (ekc) is one of the known concepts in environmental economics developed dramatically over the last twenty years ago. one of the advances in studying the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality is concerning the spatial autocorrelation of ecological phenomena. the rationale behind spatial environmental kuznets curve (sekc) is similar to ekc incl...