In the quest to develop viable designs for third-generation optical interferometric gravitational-wave detectors ~e.g., LIGO-III and EURO!, one strategy is to monitor the relative momentum or speed of the test-mass mirrors, rather than monitoring their relative position. A previous paper analyzed a straightforward but impractical design for a speed-meter interferometer that accomplishes this. T...

A method of measuring molecular diffusion rates in microscopic sample volumes is described. This method utilizes the standing wave interference created by colliding two counterpropagating laser beams at the focus of two opposing microscope objectives, creating a periodic light distribution in a volume on the order of 1 fl. By using a Pockels cell to vary the laser intensity with a time resoluti...

Mild hypoxia elevates the standing potential and alters three slow components of the DC electroretinogram in the cat: the c-wave, the fast-oscillation trough, and the light peak. This paper considers the cellular mechanisms of these effects. Elevation of the standing potential results from a depolarization of the basal membrane of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The depolarization is in...

In earlier work it was suggested that the frictional constraint of a porous sample around its circumference in a standing wave tube resulted in shearing resonances of the sample. In the present work that effect has been confirmed by direct measurement of the spatial distribution of the velocity of the solid phase of a fibrous sample placed in a rigidly terminated standing wave tube and driven i...

Observation techniques for measuring the vibration of a single microcapsule with a hard plastic shell in an acoustic standing wave field are discussed. First, optical observation of a microcapsule vibration by using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), which can observe small capsule vibration amplitudes at high-frequency, was investigated. Capsules of tens of micrometer size were trapped at the a...

Focused electromagnetic beams are frequently modeled by either an angular spectrum of plane waves or a partial-wave sum of spherical multipole waves. The connection between these two beam models is explored here. The partial-wave expansion of an angular spectrum containing evanescent components is found to possess only odd partial waves. On the other hand, the partial-wave expansion of an alter...

A compact multiband monopole antenna is proposed for vehicular roof top shark-fin applications. The covers 5G sub-6 GHz and LTE bands starting at 617 MHz to 5000 the higher GNSS band from 1559 1606 as well V2X 5900 MHz. presented a three-dimensional with two branches cover required size fit inside shark-fin. long branch lower cellular frequency 960 MHz, while short 6000 mounted on double-sided ...

A major West Antarctic ice stream discharges by sudden and brief periods of very rapid motion paced by oceanic tidal oscillations of about 1 meter. Acceleration to speeds greater than 1 meter per hour and deceleration back to a stationary state occur in minutes or less. Slip propagates at approximately 88 meters per second, suggestive of a shear wave traveling within the subglacial till. A mode...