in this research, we surveyed the behavior of escalation of commitment in common organization. in this phenomenon, decision maker, despite receiving negative information and feedbacks from owns primal decision results, still committed to it. some theories which explains this phenomena, views it with two approaches. the first approach provides dysfunctional and flaw, and the other logically. in ...

Recently, economic depression, which scoured all over the world, affects business organizations and banking sectors. Such economic pose causes a severe attrition for banks and customer retention becomes impossible. Accordingly, marketing managers are in need to increase marketing campaigns, whereas organizations evade both expenses and business expansion. In order to solve such riddle, data min...

the expansion of major cities regardless of the scientific planning principles has led to theemergence of negative urban development impacts in iran such as the degradation of natural resources andvarious forms of pollution. undoubtedly, urban rivers can enhance the ecological value of the earth to anoptimal extent. however, to benefit from these potentials, appropriate planning looks inevitabl...

introduction the touristic resources and the attractions based on tourism, constitute the main topics in this field. studies of these two topics, form the foundations of tourism. resources and tourist attractions of the constituent elements of tourism are considered. varzaquan county has a great potential for tourism development. there are pristine natural areas, climatic conditions, naturally ...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a technique based on mathematical programming for evaluating the efficiency of homogeneous decision making units (dmus). in this technique, inefficient dmus are projected onto the frontier, which was constructed by the best performers. centralized resource allocation (cra) is a method in which all dmus are projected onto the efficient frontier through solving ...