Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an important antituberculosis drug. Unlike most antibacterial agents, PZA, despite its remarkable in vivo activity, has no activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro except at an acidic pH. M. tuberculosis is uniquely susceptible to PZA, but other mycobacteria as well as nonmycobacteria are intrinsically resistant. The role of acidic pH in PZA action and the basi...

MOTIVATION Partial order alignment (POA) has been proposed as a new approach to multiple sequence alignment (MSA), which can be combined with existing methods such as progressive alignment. This is important for addressing problems both in the original version of POA (such as order sensitivity) and in standard progressive alignment programs (such as information loss in complex alignments, espec...

Observations from the 2007 Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study (BAQS-Met 2007) in Southern Ontario, Canada, were used to evaluate predictions of primary organic aerosol (POA) and two other carbonaceous species, black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO), made for this summertime period by Environment Canada’s AURAMS regional chemical transport model. Particle component-based factor analysi...

Soft storey building is popular due to the functional and aesthetic purpose, despite its weakness in resisting seismic excitation. Nonlinear Static (Pushover) Analysis (POA) is a time saving and simple assessment procedure prosposed in Eurocode 8 (EC8). However, its reliability in designing structure still remains a question. At the first stage, seismic performance of several building models us...

Upper airway dilator activity during sleep appears to be diminished under conditions of enhanced sleep propensity, such as after sleep deprivation, leading to worsening of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep propensity originates in sleep-active neurons of the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus and is facilitated by activation of POA warm-sensitive neurons (W...

Dollar spot disease, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett is common on intensively managed creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), and other turfgrasses. Frequent chemical applications during the growing season are made to control this disease. Previous observations state that application of fungicides such as azoxystrobin can incre...

RATIONALE Premature osteoarthritis (POA) is a rare condition in Wilson disease (WD). Particularly, when POA is the only complaint of a WD patient for a long time, there would be misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis and then treatment delay. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS Two Chinese Han siblings were diagnosed as WD by corneal K-F rings, laboratory test, and mutation analysis. They presented with...

The preoptic area (POA) plays an important role in fever in mammals, but the role of this region in fever in ectothermic vertebrates has never been assessed. Toads, like all ectotherms, regulate their body temperature (T(b)) primarily by behavior and develop behavioral fever when injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the POA plays a role in the behavio...