In this work, we establish a framework for balanced realization of linear systems subject to regime switching modulated by a continuous-time Markov chain with a finite state space. First, a definition of balanced realization is given. Then a ρ-balanced realization is developed to approximate the system of balancing equations, which is a system of time-varying algebraic equations. When the state...

All the best known space-time trellis codes (STTCs) belong to the Balanced STTCs class. The first method to design balanced STTCs is proposed in this letter. The exhaustive code search of optimal codes can then be reduced to this class. Finally, the proposed method is used to construct new QPSK codes for 3 and 4 transmit antennas which outperform the best previously published codes of the same ...

introduction climate has always been one the main factors of designing urban spaces in iran since past centuries. by analyzing urban spaces it can be concluded that different cities have different urban spaces due to climate differences. one of the main reasons of the differences in the type and orientation of urban spaces is the climate as one of the key factors in designing these areas. regar...

during a very long period of time, civil engineers have been the only ones to be designated as the experts for underground space, while the planners and architects were the ones of the development at the surface. cities worldwide tend to overlook an invaluable asset that lies beneath their surfaces. most cities and urban regions are unaware of the benefits underground space use has to offer, bo...

The spatial distribution of a natural resource is an important consideration in designing an efŽ cient survey or monitoring program for the resource. Generally, sample sites that are spatially balanced, that is, more or less evenly dispersed over the extent of the resource, are more efŽ cient than simple random sampling. We review a uniŽ ed strategy for selecting spatially balanced probability ...