Background & Aims: Anxiety is one of the psychological problems of pregnant mothers. That is a powerful factor in predicting negative outcomes during childbirth. Women with low self-efficacy in childbirth are afraid that they will not be able to cope well with the pain of childbirth. Therefore, self-efficacy can play an important role in choosing the type of delivery. On the other hand, misconc...

abstract: one of the most visited & important spaces in different countries by tourist are urban areas. the old tehran which major part is located in district 12 is historical showcase of the capital, but, its hiidden cultural attraction is not used as it should be. this thesis occasionally engage in studying the efficacy of correct installation of travel guide boards in welfare & easily acc...

 Background and Objective: Hypertension is one of the most important issues of public health worldwide. In this regard, self-efficacy is assurances that the person will feel about certain activities. The aim of this study was to determine self- efficacy of health promoting behavior in hypertensive patients in Friedan city of Isfahan province in 2011.   Materials and Methods: This cross-...

Introduction: Self-efficacy made possible ability to understand patient from conditions and factors influencing health and he/she can decide to improve health and to enforce it. This study was aimed to determine the self-efficacy and related factors in diabetic patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, that was done randomly in diabetic patients referred to diabetes center, information...

Introduction: Different studies have investigated the effects of various factors on self-efficacy and clinical decision-making among nurses and other professionals in the fields of health and treatment.  There is, however, little research investigating self-efficacy, clinical decision-making, and the level of relationship between them with regard to the environment and culture of organizations....

although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...

  Background & Aims: Self- efficacy is closely related with different dimensions of the elderly life such as their health and quality of life. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the self- efficacy of the elderly living in rest homes and its relationship with their personal characteristic in west Tehran.   Material & Methods: It was a descriptive, cross- sectional study. The sa...