One of the most significant changes in the twentieth century is increasing aging population and many countries have already faced t or will experience it in the near future (1). The improvement of health situations leading to reduction of death and child mortality rate, increase of life expectancy and execution of birth control policies have led to an increase in aging population (1-4). Statist...

The effect of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) II expression on cancer biology is unclear and difficult to define, with multiple reports of pro- and anti-cancer actions. Here we address the major factors that seem likely to account for these paradoxical behaviors, which include variability in NO production, heterogeneity in NO chemistry (and thus its cellular actions), and differential cellular...

The proper purchasing of services has always been one of the major concerns of health insurance. Inattention to the optimum purchase of services has led to serious problems for health systems. Traditional (passive) purchasing has some weaknesses because of problems such as low efficiency in the health system, no targeted resources, low cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness indicators and poor jus...

the overwhelming rate of progress in biotechnological research especially in human genetics, as well as the high levels of power these researches provide us to intervene in human lives, brings serious concerns on the ethical problems that may rise from these research endeavors. to address this critical issue in iran, we conducted a study issuing publishing authors of studies in human genetics f...