In this paper, we deal with the subdierential concept onHadamard spaces. Flat Hadamard spaces are characterized, and nec-essary and sucient conditions are presented to prove that the subdif-ferential set in Hadamard spaces is nonempty. Proximal subdierentialin Hadamard spaces is addressed and some basic properties are high-lighted. Finally, a density theorem for subdierential set is established.

This article aims to redefine the concept of Thirdspace and make a trilateral relationship between the three concepts of real space, virtual space and the user. To do so, not only the concept of Thirdspace has to be redefined, but also a new understanding of virtual space as a relatively independent space is required. This three-sided relation requires a new understanding of the relationship be...

Introduction of modern architecture in Iran and its popularization in 1950s and after, brought some new concepts in everyday life of Iranian women, among which was “kitchen as heart of home-life”. Younger members of current generation are grown in these modernized spaces while a bit older ones have experienced houses of traditional style. This study is designed to explore what previous concept ...

The HIV epidemic and response are at a critical juncture. Our advances against the epidemic have been impressive, with unprecedented numbers of people accessing antiretroviral treatment, especially in lowand middle-income countries, and a global reduction in new HIV infections. However, the epidemic is not over, and the challenges ahead are significant. More than 15.8 million people are still a...

Does the position of the Roman Catholic Church on contraception also imply that the usage of condoms by HIV-discordant couples is illicit? A standard argument is to appeal to the doctrine of double effect to condone such usage, but this meets with the objection that there exists an alternative action that brings about the good effect-namely, abstinence. I argue against this objection, because a...

This paper examines the role played by context and subjectivity in the epistemology of information systems research. Different assumptional frameworks underlying the opposing worldviews of positivism and interpretivism explain the differing treatments of context and subjectivity within these two frames of reference and thus the different criteria for quality that can be applied to each. The dis...

OBJECTIVE To examine 105 successive negligence claims against NHS accident and emergency (A&E) departments in the United Kingdom and to highlight risk management points. METHODS A systematic review of sociodemographic, clinical, and legal issues was conducted on each claim. RESULTS 54 claims involved the missed diagnosis of a fracture because of failure to x ray or to interpret the films co...

Starting in the U.K. and continuing through the U.S. and Canadian actuarial professions, proponents of financial economics have been forcefully promoting a review of traditional actuarial practices and training. In particular, the financial theories first proposed by Modigliani and Miller and subsequently developed by others have been used to highlight serious weaknesses in typical actuarial th...