this paper investigates the effect of exchange rate uncertainty on the iran’s import trade. the exchange rate ‎uncertainty series were generated utilizing the tarch model. this model analyzes the asymmetric effects. the analysis of uncertainty and asymmetry ‎of the exchange rate shows significant tarch ‎effect on iran’s exchange rates‎. the findings of the study indicate negative shocks (bad ne...

Many studies have been conducted on the characteristics of hydraulic jumps over horizontal basins. On sloping basins, however, few such studies have been performed so that the issue requires more investigation. A significant number of studies has also been conducted on basins with positive slopes but comparatively few have been carried out on basins with negative slopes. This study was carried ...

the objective of this study is to derive a money demand function compatible with the islamic economic rules, i.e., prohibition of reba. this rule, evidently eliminates the loan market from the economy.therefore, we propose that the islamic financial markets could link the real and nominal sectors of the economy and provide the information needed by both the financial intermediaries and the cent...