immersion in cold water causes bradycardia.4 These effects may occur during burial in an avalanche of snow. Hypothermia often.occurs in burial in an avalanche. The face is often the only area unprotected by clothing and in direct contact with the snow, which may be important as it is the face that triggers the diving reflex. This is unlike immersion in cold water, when cooling is more uniform. ...

The campaign to collect rain attenuation data on terrestrial links had commenced in Malaysian tropical climates for almost two decades. The terrestrial data so far collected have been greatly utilized to derive useful statistics for various microwave applications, such as frequency scaling, rain rate conversion factor, 1-min rain rate contour maps, wet antenna losses, and fade slope duration an...

In this research, a combination of passive and active methods is used to design a nearly zero energy building in four major climatic regions of Iran, including cold, mild, dry-warm, and wet-warm ones. The annual energy consumption analysis is performed using DesignBuilder® software. The passive strategies include Trombe Wall, blue roof, and thermochromic windows, and the active methods are usin...

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the primary causes of acid rain. In the United States, about two thirds of all sulfur dioxide and one-quarter of all nitrogen oxides come from electric power generation that relies on burning fossil fuels like coal. Acid rain occurs when these gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. These acid...

A continuously running hydrological energy balance model was used to analyse the influence of different snow covers on the formation of large floods within glacierized catchments. Model outputs from three different catchments in the Austrian Alps with glacierizations ranging from 30 to 39 % were statistically interpreted to cover a wide range of possible combinations of areal snow cover distrib...