Flare occurrence is statistically associated with changes in several characteristics of the line-of-sight magnetic field in solar active regions (AR). We calculated magnetic measures throughout the disk passage of 1,075 ARs spanning solar cycle 23 in an attempt to find a statistical relationship between the solar magnetic field and solar flares. This expansive study of over 71,000 magnetograms ...

The Mediterranean climate region on the west coast of the United States is characterized by wet winters and dry summers, and by high fire activity. The importance of synoptic-scale circulation patterns (ENSO, PDO, PNA) on fire-climate interactions is evident in contemporary fire data sets and in pre-Euroamerican tree-ring-based fire records. We investigated how interannual variability in two fi...

Sources of dynamical model track error for Hurricane Ike (2008) in the Gulf of Mexico are examined. Deterministic and ensemble model output are compared against National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses to identify potential critical features associated with the motion of Ike and its eventual landfall along the upper Texas coast. Several potentia...

The spatiotemporal evolution of various meteorological phenomena associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the North Pacific–North American–North Atlantic sector is examined using both NCEP–NCAR reanalyses and output from a 2000-yr integration of a global coupled climate model. Particular attention is devoted to the implications of downstream eddy developments on the relationship b...

The character of fog at Cape Town International Airport (CTIA), South Africa, is investigated, using 13 yr of historical hourly data during the period 1997–2010. Hourly surface observations are used to identify fog types that most frequently affect CTIA, by using an objective fog-type classification method that classifies fog events according to their primary formation mechanisms. Fog-type char...

Enabled by a technology to fabricate well-defined nanogrates over a large area 2 2 cm2 , we report the effect of such a surface, in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic conditions, on liquid slip and the corresponding friction reduction in microchannels. The grates are designed to be dense 230 nm pitch but deep 500 nm in order to sustain a large amount of air in the troughs when the grates are hydr...

Low-tidal coastal regions, such as the Baltic Sea, are known to be particularly vulnerable exceptional high-frequency sea level oscillations meteotsunamis. Possibilities of studying sub-hourly variations have recently improved, owing advancement in temporal resolution tide gauge observations. In this work, we study (period <6 h) (strongest which consider meteotsunamis) on coast Finland, norther...