1. Methods in Epidemiologic, Clinical and Operations Research–MECOR–program, American Thoracic Society/Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax, Montevideo, Uruguay. 2. Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração – InCor – Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. 3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern...

It is important that research work services both science and practice. When researchers base or relate their research to the earlier studies, they must pay attention to the type of research. Practitioners try to recognize the value of new research results, to assimilate them and apply them to commercial ends. The new classification of research approaches puts a question: Do the research outputs...

Medical research has evolved, from individual expert described opinions and techniques, to scientifically designed methodology-based studies. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) was established to re-evaluate medical facts and remove various myths in clinical practice. Research methodology is now protocol based with predefined steps. Studies were classified based on the method of collection and evalu...

leech therapy was popular for many centuries. while many research studies have supported the medical use of hirudo medicinalis, other species have not received that much attention. due to the large demand and lack of supply, more research is needed to justify the medical use of other species. ibn al quffprovided general guidelines on differentiating between the beneficial and toxic types of lee...