Slang words can contain particular meanings that cannot be interpreted directly. To know and understand the meaning behind utterances, EFL learners employ illocutionary force by analyzing native speakers' daily communication of slang words. Therefore, this qualitative research aimed to explore types utterances in Rampage movie. The data were collected from movie transcript analyzed using docume...

Testing pragmatic competence has always posed daunting challenges to researchers and practitioners. As a step to address the gap in pragmatic testing, this paper delineates the procedural stages of developing and validating a context-sensitive Multiple Choice Discourse Completion Test (MDCT). Following a unitary view of validity, tenable argument and empirical evidence was accumulated to suppor...

The present study sought to investigate the comprehension of Garden-Path structures by Iranian EFL learners. 50 female students of Kharazmi English Language Institute in Karaj participated in this study. All of the participants were native speakers of Persian studying in Kharazmi English language institute in Karaj, Iran. They ranged from 18 to 30 in terms of age. The participants were administ...

BACKGROUND Although it is useful for COPD patients to relieve their dyspnea by bracing their arms, the relationships between the arm bracing posture and expiratory flow limitation (EFL) and lung volume are unknown. Whether arm bracing affects dyspnea, EFL, and lung volume in elderly COPD patients was investigated. METHODS Sixteen elderly subjects (median [interquartile range] age 81 [77-85] y...

This article begins by accounting the development of Second language theories .It describes major ESL theories ever since the 18th century to those currently adopted in ESL field. Then it proceeds to demonstrate their influences on EFL teaching in China, like nowadays an increasing awareness of non-cognitive factors in teaching foreign languages, reforms in some traditional teaching methodologi...

The English Resultative Construction (ERC) is a satellite-framed structure with no identical equivalent in Spanish. In series of studies, we analyzed and compared recognition (acceptability judgment task) comprehension (sentence three ERC subtypes the Depictive (EDC) (which has Spanish counterpart) by speaker learners as Foreign Language (EFL). Results showed that: 1) EDCs were better recognize...

Locative constructions, as an instance of double object constructions with various cognitive-linguistic concepts, have been successful in attracting the linguists. This paper tried to evaluate the acquisition of English locative constructions by Persian native speakers in the absence of negative evidence, focusing on the influence of L1 and participants’ proficiency level in the course of acqui...

A number of redox-active coordination polymers (CPs) or metal- organic frameworks (MOFs) have been successfully synthesized using transition metals and bridging ligands. This article aims to deal with gathering the aforementioned disperse issues regarding the electroactive CPs. It also goes towards illustrating the effects of various factors on the electrochemical behavior of CPs including...

Based on data from a qualitative case study of two Chinese university EFL learners rural backgrounds, Andy and Jimmy, this traces their progress being struggling English language to confident speakers English. Drawing Darvin Norton's (2015) model investment that recognizes the intersection identity, capital, ideology, dissects Jimmy's engagement with digital wilds negotiation resources in onlin...