The grass smuts comprise a speciose group of biotrophic plant parasites, so-called Ustilaginaceae, which are specifically adapted to hosts of sweet grasses, the Poaceae family. Mating takes a central role in their life cycle, as it initiates parasitism by a morphological and physiological transition from saprobic yeast cells to pathogenic filaments. As in other fungi, sexual identity is determi...

Sexual identity is one of a few basic parameters that specify how development should proceed. Although sex determination has profound effects on many tissues, its most ancient and fundamental role is ensuring that some germ cells become sperm, and others become oocytes or eggs. Spermatocytes and oocytes are usually produced in male and female animals, respectively, but C. elegans is uniquely su...

Unlike sex determination in the soma, which is an autonomous process, sex determination in the germline of Drosophila has both inductive and autonomous components. In this paper, we examined how sexual identity is selected and maintained in the Drosophila germline. We show that female-specific expression of genes in the germline is dependent on a somatic signaling pathway. This signaling pathwa...

PURPOSE This study explored the relationship between children's basic psychological needs satisfaction at recess, level of recess physical activity motivation (RPAM), and recess physical activity (RPA). METHOD Fifth-grade children (N = 203; 50.2% boys; 71.7% healthy-weight) completed measures of age, gender, basic psychological need satisfaction, and level of self-determined motivation for RP...

As mandatory involvement requirements may not intrinsically motivate learners to achieve high quality learning, social factors under affective commitment are especially important determinants of TML success. This paper investigates an individual’s social and self identities as important determinants in developing affective commitment (identification) and intrinsic motivation (perceived enjoymen...

This paper attempts to explore the link between rising wage dispersion in Russia over the transitional period and the gender pay gap. The work of Blau and Khan (1996) emphasizes a role for ‘wage structure’ in the determination of the gender pay gap although some interpretational issues concerning their methodology have been raised recently by Suen (1997). The analysis presented here identifies ...

A new biocatalytic assay analyzing the simultaneous presence of creatine kinase (CK) and alanine transaminase (ALT) was developed aiming at the recognition of biofluids of different gender for forensic applications. Knowing the difference in the concentrations of CK and ALT enzymes in the blood of healthy adults of male and female groups we mimicked the samples of different gender with various ...

Sex difference involving chromosomes and gene expression has been extensively documented. In this study, the gender difference in the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci was investigated using Illumina-based transcriptomic analysis. Gender-based RNAseq data produced 27 Gb reads, and subsequent de novo assembly generated 93,948 transcripts with a N50 of 1,853 bp. A total of 1,351 differentially ...

Gender recognition is an essential component of automatic speech recognition and interactive voice response systems. Determining gender of the speaker reduces the computational burden of such systems for any further processing. Typical methods for gender recognition from speech largely depend on features extraction and classification processes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perfo...