background today, continuous emergence of new jobs and elimination of old jobs have made a lot of problems for some individuals and in the meantime, developing countries transferring from traditional economy to world economy are more influenced by these changes. objectives considering the importance of personality types and the role of culture in job selection, the current study was conducted a...

Journalists have the power to enhance the visibility of certain aspects of campaign issues and, thus, are relevant mediators between political actors and citizens. To serve the public interest, news media coverage should include the views of different political camps and should enable citizens to build opinions in an enlightened way. The authors analyze journalists’ framing of the coverage of a...

not only does media reflect realities but also it shapes them and while being effective on our knowledge of world surrounding us. over the recent decade, women, along with their traditional roles, have approached new social activities, which were considered exclusively masculine in the past, and have created a stable status for themselves. but it seems that this change is not considered by t.v....

The CIA was originally established as an agency charged with putting together information from all other intelligence agencies. However, in the midst of the Cold War and with the election of President Eisenhower, a new role for the CIA surfaced. Across the globe, in Iran, in 1951 the people had elected a Prime Minister, Mohammad Mossaddegh, who opposed British control over Iranian oil fields. T...

Pragmatic assessment and consistency in rating are among the subject matters which are still in need of more profound investigations. The importance of the issue is highlighted when remembering that inconsistency in ratings would surely damage the test fairness issue in assessment and lead to much diversity in ratings. Our principal concern in this study was observing the criteria that American...

The question of abusing the opportunity of participatory online journalism through the use of offensive speech has generally been neglected in scholarly research. This study tries to fill this research gap by uncovering the characteristics of offensive speech in comments under online news items as well as journalists’ and editors’ opinions on offensive speech. A textual analysis of comments con...