This paper is an attempt to deal with language learners’ beliefs. Researchers used Elaine Kolker Horwitz’s model (1988), Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory, and they applied it explore the views of Kurdish EFL university students concerning learning. The study aims investigate expose their opinions regarding learning generally, then English more precisely. Its significance lies in explor...

the need for intercultural awareness and skills emerges strongly in both distance learning courses, and in social life in multicultural societies. the study of online language transactions is therefore an important aspect of the emerging culture and sociolinguistics of computer mediated communication. the research reported in this paper concerns perceptions held by students in an iranian univer...

Audiovisual material accompanied by interlingual subtitles is a powerful pedagogical tool which can help improve the vocabulary learning of second-language learners. This study was intended to determine whether or not the mode (standard and reversed) of subtitling affects the incidental vocabulary acquisition of Iranian L2 learners while watching TV programs. Forty-five participants were random...

Nowadays, professors of different universities around the world with different majors need to learn English for their academic advancement and research promotion. This requires that they have positive attitudes towards English language learning. In this regard, the role of social factors can be useful. Hence, this study was an endeavor to examine the social factors influencing non-English major...

Objective(s):From the ancient era, emergence of Agriculture in the connecting region of Mesopotamia and the Iranian plateau at the foothills of the Zagros Mountains, made Iranian gene pool as an important source of populating the region. It has differentiated the population spread and different language groups. In order to trace the maternal genetic affinity between Iranians and other populatio...

Belief update and reasoning about actions are two well studied areas of research about the evolution of knowledge over time. The similarities between these two fields have already been pointed out by some researchers: for example del Val and Shoham [4] use a theory of action to derive a semantics for belief update; Li and Pereira [8] use a Ginsberg-like semantics for updating a theory of action...