abstract in a protocol analysis of second language writing from 20 adult english as a foreign language (efl) iranian students, this research observed how language-switching (l-s), i.e., first language use in l2 writing, was affected by l2 proficiency. switching interactively between first (l1) and second (l2) languages has been recognized as one of the salient characteristics of l2 writing....

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the attachment styles of persons with or without substance use disorders. Materials and methods: Two hundred and forty volunteers (120 patients, 120 controls) were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete Substance Use Disorders Questionnaire (SUDQ) and Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI). Analysis of the data involved both ...

the present study seeks to determine the effect of explicit instruction of metacognitive strategies on iranian high school students’ reading comprehension ability. it also attempts to investigate the relationship between the learners reading comprehension and metacognitive strategies. furthermore, the study investigates whether iranian efl female high school students are high, medium, or low me...

abstract in first part of this project, the use of a new and biguanid-like catalyst supported on silica as a recyclable catalyst provides a new route for the synthesis of a variety of arylalkylidene rhodanine derivatives through knoevenagle reaction in at present of solvent at room temperature. rhodanine derivatives and especially arylalkylidene rhodanines have proven to be attractive compound...

Substance abuse disorder is define as frequent and abnormal use of drugs and/or alcohol often resulting in considerable distress and dysfunction in personal, social, and occupational activities. There are various treatment approaches to address substance abuse disorders. However, treatment of substance abuse disorders remains difficult, so much so that frequent relapses is a complicating fe...

as some definitions show, idioms are expressions whose meanings cannot be obtained from individual words. in every society, people use their own conceptions and feelings through different idioms and expressions. so every culture and society has their own idioms. some scholars proposed methods for translating idioms but baker’s strategies are very important and constructive. this research tried ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of schema therapy on depression, anxiety, and early maladaptive schemas in individuals with substance use disorder. Method: This quasi-experimental study was performed as a single-subject design with ABA multiple baseline method on six subjects who had substance use disorder. The statistical population included all individuals with su...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the temperament and character of patients suffering from major depression with and without Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and normal people. Method: This research was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of the study consisted of patients with major depressive disorder who referred to Tabriz medical centers in the second and th...