purpose: today considerable advances have been achieved in application of nano-particles.   fullerene is one of the artificial forms of carbon element. long life cycle of medicines in the   human body is a success factor in delivery of medicine to the specific place. lots of nanoparticles   are being developed in this field and from a medical point of view, achieving such   goals is vital. the ...

Robust intelligent systems will require a capacity for metacognitive reasoning, where intelligent systems monitor and reflect on their own reasoning processes. A large-scale study of human strategic reasoning indicates that rich representational models of commonsense psychology are available to enable human metacognition. In this paper, we argue that large-scale formalizations of commonsense ps...

We have been developing computer simulation models of the human body in order to simulate various forms of motions, e.g., walking, standing and jumping. In the earlier phase of our research, we utilized a simulation model of the human lower extremity that has nine rigid body segments. The number of degrees of freedom of the model was twenty. Using this model, two forms of jumping motions were s...

This paper describes InterModeller, a computer program intended to assist children in primary and secondary schools to learn concepts and skills associated with classification. The design of the program consolidates and extends previous work by including support for multiple forms of representation, provision for automatic transformation between representational forms, and the ability to conver...

The creation of meaning to interpret and communicate perceived phenomena is a fundamental trait of human intelligence. This article explains some major ways in which this is achieved, focusing on language and the perception of embodiment. It examines the representational aspects of natural language, which account for the ambiguity of linguistic signs, and describes how these manifest in metapho...

The Classic Maya (AD 250-850) represented emotion via the human body in stylized ways that reflected their categories of 'affect', the subjective states attributed by one person to another through empathy. Such displays, although rare, served as negative contrasts to a more ordered, restrained and controlled state that operated as an ideal for elite comportment. Control equated to morally appro...

Objective(s) Plasma leptin exists in protein-bound and free forms, which may affect its hormonal bioactivity. The free and bound forms are changed by the body weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin on bound and free plasma leptin concentration. Materials and Methods Subjects recruited from Yazd Diabetes Research Centre, Yazd University of Medical Sciences. ...