pect for vocal fold dehydration to result in more than 0.3 per cent extra uncertainty in pitch production over the range of realistic environments and situations in which speech is used. As the just noticeable difference of pitch in speech is in this range (0.3 Hz at 120 Hz (0.25 per cent) for level pitch, and 2.0 Hz at 120 Hz (1.67 per cent) for falling pitch, Klatt 1973) it is questionable wh...

in this research, first, kinematic and dynamic equations of a 4-dof 3-link robotic finger are derived using denavit-hartenberg convention and lagrange’s formulation. to model the muscles, several springs and dampers are placed between the finger links. then, two advanced controllers, namely adaptive-robust and adaptive-neural, which can control the robotic finger in presence of parametric uncer...

background and aim: speech understanding almost never occurs in silence. verbal communication often occurs in environments where multiple speakers are talking. in such environments, babbling noise masks speech comprehension. consonants, in comparison to vowels, are more sensitive to noise masking. consonants provide most acoustic information needed for comprehending the meaning of the word. sin...

the microgrid concept provides attractive solutions for reliability enhancement of power distribution systems. normally, microgrids contain renewable-energy-based distributed generation (dg) units, which their output power varies with different environmental conditions. in addition, load demand usually changes with factors such as hourly and seasonal customer activities. hence, these issues hav...

Emotion is an integral component of human speech, and prosody uniquely represents the expressive meaning that is fundamental to communication. In this study, we demonstrate how the subtle and finely differentiated meanings permeating spontaneous speech are communicated by prosodic variations and show that it is the differences in shape that communicate the degree of uncertainty or certainty wit...

This paper discusses logics whose premisses and/or conclusions can contain ambiguous material. Two diierent kinds of applications are sketched for these logics. First, the paper discusses how logics with ambiguous expressions can shed light on the way in which human hearers or readers understand certain`paradoxical' logical arguments, in which crucial use is made of ambiguous material. Second, ...

Understanding speech is effortless in ideal situations, and although adverse conditions, such as caused by hearing impairment, often render it an effortful task, they do not necessarily suspend speech comprehension. A prime example of this is speech perception by cochlear implant users, whose hearing prostheses transmit speech as a significantly degraded signal. It is yet unknown how mechanisms...

Abstract This article argues that the ECtHR uses two conflicting tests to assess same types of hate speech. results in legal uncertainty at best, and arbitrariness double standards worst. To remedy present situation, I propose a two-track strategy. begin with, Court should abandon its “bad tendency” approach, test prone abuse by governments silence political dissent under guise fighting speech,...