Background: Diabetes control needs more effective educational programs. Self-care education is an important factor in diabetes control. It seems that the symptoms can be the proper stimulus for the direction toward self-care. Aim: To evaluate the effects of the using SFMM on HbA1c, knowledge, self care practices, and symptoms of type2 diabetic patients. Methods: Seventy type 2 diabetic patients...

An important issue in the use of expert systems is the so-called brittleness problem. Expert systems model only a limited part of the world. While the explicit management of uncertainty in expert systems mitigates the brittleness problem, it is still possible for a system to be used, unwittingly, in ways that the system is not prepared to address. Such situation may be detected by the method of...

Individuals living with lupus commonly experience daily backgrounds of symptoms managed to acceptable tolerance levels to prevent organ damage. Despite management, exacerbation periods (flares) still occur. Varied clinical presentations and unpredictable symptom exacerbation patterns provide management and assessment challenges. Patient perceptions of symptoms vary with perceived impact, lifest...

Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have multiple symptoms. Nursing care is based on six core competencies and one of them is person-centred care that includes the aspect of professional symptom relief. The aim was to clarify a meaning of the concept of Symptom-reducing actions in the context of COPD. Databases MEDLINE and CINAHL were searched between 1982 and February 20...

Optimal home self-management in young children with asthma includes accurate symptom identification followed by timely and appropriate treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate a home-based asthma educational intervention targeting symptom identification for parents of children with asthma. Two hundred twenty-one children with asthma were enrolled into an ongoing home-based clinica...

Chronic diarrhea is a complex symptom. The clinical approach and management should be based on pathophysiologic considerations and stepwise laboratory investigations. In infants with severe malnutrition, nutritional support is a priority in the management of this condition.