The human liver cell line HepaRG has been recognized as a promising source for in vitro testing of metabolism and toxicity of compounds. However, currently the hepatic differentiation of these cells relies on exposure to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), which, as a side effect, has a cytotoxic effect and represses an all-round hepatic functionality. The AMC-bioartificial liver (AMC-BAL) is a three-dim...

664 NATURE | VOL 400 | 12 AUGUST 1999 | www.nature.com point mutations on the performance of digital organisms. In all cases, the ®tness (replication rate) of each mutant was calculated in the same environment in which its simple or complex parent evolved, and the mutant's ®tness is expressed relative to the parent. The ®rst tool makes every possible one-step point mutant for a particular paren...

Background: The aim of our study was to determine whether intermittent hemodiafiltration (HDF) leads to an alteration in monocyte antiviral activity as well as in the in vitro release of cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL12), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-α (IFN-α) by the same cells. Methods: We enrolled 25 patients undergoing HDF for 3.5-4 hours 3 times a week (12 men, 13 wo...

Metals, including iron, are present at high concentrations in amyloid plaques in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, where they are also thought to be cofactors in generating oxidative stress and modulating amyloid formation. In this study, we present data from several Drosophila models of neurodegenerative proteinopathies indicating that the interaction between iron and amyloid beta peptide ...

Antifolates, in particular methotrexate (MTX), have been widely used in the treatment of primary and secondary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Pemetrexed (PMX) is a novel antifolate that also exhibits potent antitumor activity against CNS malignancies. Studies have shown that brain distribution of both antifolates is significantly restricted, possible due to active efflux transport ...

Course Objectives Knowledge and Understanding Upon successful completion for the course, students will be able to Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of: 1 Concurrency and interference among threads 2 Client Server models 3 Distributed Objects 4 Message Oriented Middleware 5 Distributed Databases and Transactions 6 Conceptual Models of Distributed Systems using State Machines 7 Verification...