Evidentiality is a linguistic category that specifies the source of information conveyed in an utterance (Aikhenvald and Dixon 2003), such as direct observation, inference, or hearsay. According to Aikhenvald’s (2004) cross-linguistic study of over 500 languages, a typologically common pattern is to specify distinct sources of information with distinct morphemes, such as Quechua’s three evident...

Children (3.5-8.5 years; n = 105) heard claims about the occurrence of improbable or impossible events, then were asked whether the events could really happen. Some claims were based on informants' first-hand observations and others were hearsay. A baseline group (n = 56) reported their beliefs about these events without hearing testimony. Neither first-hand claims nor hearsay influenced belief...

Hearsay-Ill provides a framework for constructing knowledge-based expert systems. While HearsayIll makes no commitment to any particular application domain, it does supply a variety of generally applicable facilities. These include representation primitives and an interpreter for large-grained, flexibly schedulable production rules called knowledge sources. A detailed overview of the motivation...

according to common law rules of england, obligation by one party is enforceable when the other has provided a consideration or the contract has been put in a deed. in some common law jurisdictions, such as australia, canada and the united states, another doctrine, named reasonable reliance, has developed, which could act as surrogate for the doctrine of consideration. english courts, however, ...

Reputations are critical in human social life: they allow people to share and act on information about one another, even when have never met. can be conceptualized as a target person that is stored networks of perceivers transmitted through either direct interaction or hearsay. We present novel paradigm integrates the network approach with interpersonal perception research. apply study consensu...