Closed die hot forging of 304L stainless steel is difficult compared to carbon and micro-alloyed steels in terms higher forming force defects. An appropriate combination design process factors including cross-section diameter, initial billet temperature, flash land thickness crucial minimize the without causing any under-filling or folding This paper aims develop an optimized closed-die for lon...

We have been developing a process design CAE system to predict die wear life in the process design stage for the hot forging of steel. Our goal is to reduce production costs by shortening the development period, while maximizing the life of the die. In our system, we use an expression that defines the relationship between die wear, die strength, and friction factors, such as die pressure, slidi...

In warm and hot forging, the dies are subjected to high contact pressures and temperatures. The selection of the die material, hardness and coating is critical for increasing die life. Recent studies indicate that ceramic dies and various surface treatment techniques represent, in certain applications, cost effective techniques for improving die life. This paper reviews the state of technology ...

The problem of flowability in a closed forging process for heavy equipment industry is still widely found and this may affect the quality resulting product. To obtain solution problem, work, effect heating temperature die insert draft angle on characteristic hot forged SCM435 steel used undercarriage track roller has been examined. workpieces were heated at variations 1150 °C, 1200 1250 °C angl...

background: in iran, architectures are often unaware of the risk of radon inhalation and how to reduce radon levels. furthermore, radon considerations are not implemented in construction methods, construction materials and building utilization by regulatory authorities. materials and methods: in this study after reviewing the meteorological changes of ramsar over the past 50 years (1955-2005), ...

In this paper, a new equidistant filling theory based on the level set function and corresponding numerical algorithm dynamic finite difference method were proposed. Firstly, closed curve is defined as zero-value contour of function. Then, equation, partial differential was built to get function, proposed solve Secondly, three types cross sections, simple polygon, multi-island multi-hole used t...

in recent years, the hydroforming due to reduction in weight and increase in strength of automotive parts has attracted attention of the automotive industry. thus, the knowledge of the process to produce parts with desired quality and accuracy has been growing. one of the effective methods in improving the formability in the hydroforming is known as pulsating hydroforming. however, the reason o...