نتایج جستجو برای: income and cross elasticity
تعداد نتایج: 16899573 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
In this study, through the elasticity approach, we tried to evaluate the effects of cash subsidy on poverty reduction. In this regard, after the theoretical arguments about the poverty elasticity to income, Gini Coefficient, and price using the data related to the expenses and incomes of the 14701 urban households from 1389 to 1390, the quantitative value of these elasticity was measured and fi...
Incorporating a household’s net sale status into a rearranged Slutsky equation with combined ordinary and endowment income effects, this paper aims to reinterpret the income elasticity of demand in the case of buying and selling and to associate it with types of goods in a novel manner. To this end, the Deaton’s (1989) net benefit ratio (NBR) approach is expressed as the difference between orig...
Objective: The demand structure for five commodity groups including foods and drinks, clothing, housing, health and recreation, and educational services was analyzed based on the time series data of the household consumption expenditures during period 1966-2007. Method: A linear approximation of almost ideal demand system (LA/AIDS) was estimated by SURE method in order to obtain demand fun...
Objective: The demand structure for five commodity groups including foods and drinks, clothing, housing, health and recreation, and educational services was analyzed based on the time series data of the household consumption expenditures during period 1966-2007. Method: A linear approximation of almost ideal demand system (LA/AIDS) was estimated by SURE method in order to obtain demand fun...
The economic transition in China poses new questions in studying product demand. In this study, we investigate the demand pattern and structural changes during the economic transformation using annual data from the paper and paperboard industry in China. Instrumental variable estimations as well as cointegration analysis and error-correction models are applied to the analysis. Our results show ...
Background As middle-income countries become more affluent, economically sophisticated and productive, health expenditure patterns are likely to change. Other socio-demographic and political changes that accompany rapid economic growth are also likely to influence health spending and financial protection. Methods This study investigates the relationship between growth on per-capita healthcare...
Following in Your Father’s Footsteps: A Note on the Intergenerational Transmission of Income between Twin Fathers and their Sons We provide the first twin-based estimates of the intergenerational transmission of income between fathers and sons. Using Swedish register data on the income of monozygotic twin fathers and their sons, we are able to control for unobserved endowments at the twin-pair ...
monumental changes occurring on a daily basis have altered the world into a global village of expanding technology and shrinking geography in which preparing language learners for intercultural communication seems to be a sine qua non for modern language education. employing a cross-sectional design in its first phase, this study investigated the intercultural sensitivity and language proficien...
Religious tourism is very important either in Iran and in the international level. In this study dynamic linear almost ideal demand system and formulas of price and income elasticity were applied to estimate demand for religious trips. To this end, micro data of household budget prepared by Census center of Iran for 1991-2011 has been applied in this study. According to the results, inco...
This paper studies the cross-base tax elasticity of capital gains realizations to labor income taxes when capital gains are taxed at a separate proportional tax rate. Using a longitudinal panel of over 265,000 individuals in Sweden, this paper shows in a regression kink design that labor income taxes affect capital gains at the extensive and intensive margins. An increase in the marginal labor ...
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