Location-Routing Problem (LRP) emerges as one of the hybrid optimization problems in distribution networks in which, total cost of the system would be reduced significantly by simultaneous optimization of locating a set of facilities among candidate locations and routing vehicles. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming model is presented for a two-echelon location-routing problem wit...

Reliable location routing problem considers a location problem and a vehicle routing problem in order to select the optimal location of facilities and at the same time the optimal routes for vehicles considering the unexpected failure for facilities in which, all facilities may fail with a probability. In this paper, a bi-objective mathematical model has been developed to minimize the total cos...

Heretofore several position-based routing protocols have been developed for mobile ad hoc networks. Many of these protocols assume that a location service is available which provides location information on the nodes in the network.Our solutions decrease location update without loss of query success rate or throughput and even increase those.Simulation results show that our methods are effectiv...

Heretofore several position-based routing protocols have been developed for mobile ad hoc networks. Many of these protocols assume that a location service is available which provides location information on the nodes in the network.Our solutions decrease location update without loss of query success rate or throughput and even increase those.Simulation results show that our methods are effectiv...

The mobile nodes in MANETs dynamically change their topology and hence require an efficient mechanism to communicate with each other. There are number of routing protocols anticipated for MANET environment categorized as Location based routing protocols and Non-Location based routing protocols. In MANETs, Location based routing protocols are preferred as they are more efficient in routing compa...