Strong driving of quantum systems opens opportunities for both controlling and characterizing their states. For theoretical studying these properties we use the rate-equation formalism. The advantage such approach is its relative simplicity. We used formalism description a two-level system (TLS) with further expanding it on case multi-level system. Obtained results have good agreement experimen...

The multi-level programming problems are attractive for many researchers because of their application in several areas such as economic, traffic, finance, management, transportation, information technology, engineering and so on. It has been proven that even the general bi-level programming problem is an NP-hard problem, so the multi-level problems are practical and complicated problems therefo...

In this paper, a Multi-Choice Stochastic Bi-Level Programming Problem (MCSBLPP) is considered where all the parameters of constraints are followed by normal distribution. The cost coefficients of the objective functions are multi-choice types. At first, all the probabilistic constraints are transformed into deterministic constraints using stochastic programming approach. Further, a general tran...

Purpose This research investigates how and why firms adopt inclusive diversity activities, identifying the mechanisms behind involved in lesbian, gay, bisexual transgender (LGBT)–friendly pursuits. By integrating resource dependence theory, institutional theory stakeholder authors argue that a firm's LGBT friendliness is affected by marketing orientation external political environment. Design/m...

With the expansion of the market share occupied by the Android platform, security issues (especially application security) have become attention focus of researchers. In fact, the existing methods lack the capabilities to manage application permissions without root privilege. This study proposes a dynamic management mechanism of Android application permissions based on security policies. The pa...