Background: Kaykhosrow is one of the prominent kings in Shahnameh who, after coming to power, has taken favorable measures for the growth and excellence of Iranian society. One of his challenges in governing the country was the border conflicts by the Turanians, which caused many problems. However, in dealing with the main enemies of the Iranians, Kaykhosrow has not always been alienated from m...

On Wednesday, 31 March 1999, somewhere along the border between Yugoslavia and Macedonia, three soldiers from the 1st Infantry Division were captured by Yugoslav forces, and transported to Belgrade. In the first official statements related to the incident the following morning, neither President Clinton nor Secretary of Defense Cohen referred to the three soldiers as prisoners of war. Instead, ...

War Psychiatry 432 Artist Unknown Prisoner Interrogation circa 1943 This sketch is part of an extensive collection of captured German art from World War II in the possession of the U.S. Army Center for Military History. It graphically depicts the questioning of barefoot prisoners of war in what appears to be an underground bunker.

U a comprehensive database of American prisoners of war during World War II, we find that survival from captivity generally declines as the hierarchy of a prisoner’s group becomes steeper or more closely matches the military’s established hierarchy. There is no evidence that survival is enhanced by being held in more hierarchical groups. One interpretation of these findings that is consistent w...

The controversy over abusive interrogations of prisoners during the war against terrorism spotlights the need for clear ethics norms requiring physicians and other clinicians to prevent the mistreatment of prisoners. Although policies and general descriptions pertaining to clinical oversight of interrogations in United States' war on terror prisons have come to light, there are few public recor...

In the ancient Near East, all military protagonists were ruthless in their treatment of prisoners. The Egyptians were forced to undertake repeated punitive operations against their north-eastern neighbours from the second half of the third millennium BC. The Mesopotamians occasionally made military expeditions as far as the Mediterranean coast of Asia Minor, and the Agadean dynasty controlled t...