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Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of consciousness on inhibition of and attentional bias to stimuli associated with drugs among heroin users and their counterparts. Method: In this study, a causal-comparative research method was used. All persons dependent on opiates in Abhar city constituted the study population. The number of 120 participants containing two 60-person groups o...

Abstract There has been an increasing interest in optimism and its underlying characteristics after the development of positive psychology. Many studies suggest that there is a significant difference between the optimists and pessimists in attention to positive and negative information and stimuli. Because of the cognitive nature of attention, however, people’s expectancies and goals also ma...

Depressed mood effects attention and its span. The present study aimed to compare the allocation of attention to relevant and irrelevant neutral stimuli in depressed and non-depressed participants. The studied populations include all the students from Azad university of Ahwaz and the undergraduate psychology students from Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. After completion of Beck Depression ...

  Objective : the studies indicate that the "eye-blink" components of "acoustic startle reflex" can be modulated through emotionally slide stimuli. Pleasant stimulants reduce eye-blink amplitude, whereas unpleasant stimulants enhance them. Method: the present study examines the modulation of the acoustic startle reflexes through a short film clips (2-min), classified as pleasant, unpleasant and...