the relationship between productivity of economic sectors, effective real exchange rate, and purchasing power is a burning economic issue. based on the “balassa – samuelson” theory, higher economic productivity for tradeable goods leads to an increase in effective real exchange rate which is indicative of higher value of domestic money and higher purchasing power of money. the purpose of this s...

customer participation in new economic subjects is a valuable phenomenon that refers to social notice to commerce. in this area consumers want a good protection from the vendors, especially in e-purchasing. companies usually have some strategies to improve customer trust feeling in electronic purchasing. in iran, consumers are always challenging with these companies to fulfill themselves consum...

Objective Most of the experts in marketing consider the market (store) environment as an effective factor to attract customers which is used as a strategy to create a pleasant purchasing experience for the customers and influence the consumers’ behavior. Nowadays, hypermarkets pay more attention to the custormers’ comfort while purchasing and try to use a variety of strategies, nice background ...

Background Many of public hospitals in Japan have had a deficit for a long time. Japanese local governments have been encouraging public hospitals to use group purchasing of drugs to benefit from the economies of scale, and increase their bargaining power for obtaining discounts in drug purchasing, thus improving their financial situation. In this study, we empirically investigate whether or no...

The National Health Service (NHS) market led to problems in funding research and development (R&D). The current policy is to resolve these by funding R&D through a national levy on purchasers. The policy does not, however, address the underlying problem that evidence produced by R&D is largely irrelevant to purchasers. The consequences of this policy are likely to be that purchasing will have l...

in this study, the effect of environmental concern, attitudes and behaviors of the university students on the environmentally conscious purchasing behavior was investigated with the help of structural equation model (sem). sem is an effective data analysis tool that expresses the complicated causative relations between the latent variables. in this study, we collected the data from 400 univers...

Artificial intelligence (AI) can affect all of a company’s functions, not least the purchasing department. In addition to automating and optimizing existing processes, AI opens up new opportunities for purchasers undertake new, strategic, collaborative, enduring missions. enables complex, strategic decision-making in an unpredictable, hostile environment. This article analyzes what extent impro...